What Drives Customer Loyalty in Islamic Banking? An Evidence from Pakistan

  • Muhammad Umer Quddoos Assistant Professor Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Asif Shamim Assistant Professor Business Studies Department, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh Associate Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan,
  • Muhammad Tariq M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Keywords: Trust, Islamic banks, intimacy, customer loyalty, commitment

Abstract

This study investigates the role of customer intimacy, commitment, and trust in increasing their loyalty and mediating role across trust and customer loyalty nexus. A total of 500 questionnaires were disseminated but 404 of these were included for analysis (approx. 81% response rate). The hypotheses were tested through the structural equation modeling technique using smart PLS. The results indicate that trust has a significant nexus with commitment, customer intimacy, and loyalty. Both commitment and customer intimacy have a significant nexus with customer loyalty. The mediation analysis reveals that commitment and customer intimacy act as important mediating variables in the nexus. The research outcome supports the notion that as the level of trust increases the level of intimacy, commitment, and loyalty would tend to increase as well. The results further reveal that customers are devoted towards persistent and continuing association with Islamic banks. Commitment, trust, and customer intimacy prove to be the foundation factors for building and strengthening customer loyalty. It emerges, that in terms of hierarchy, the customer trust needs to be evolved at the initial level consistently followed by customers' intimacy, commitment, and loyalty.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Analytics Summary

References

Aagja, J.P. Mammen, T., & Amit. V. (2011). Validating Service Convenience Scale and Profiling Customers: A Study in the Indian Retail Context. The Journal for Decision Makers, 36(4): 25-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920110403

Aluri A, Price BS, McIntyre NH (2019). Using machine learning to cocreate value through dynamic customer engagement in a brand loyalty program. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(1):78-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348017753521

Amin, M., Isa, Z., & Fontaine, R. (2013). Islamic Banks: Contrasting the Drivers of Customer Satisfaction on Image, Trust, and Loyalty of Muslim and Non-Muslim Customers in Malaysia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 31, 79–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321311298627

Anderson, J.C. and Gerbing, D.W. (1988), “Structural equation modelling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach”, Psychological Bulletin, 103 (3), 411-423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411

Baumann, C., Burton, S., Elliott, G. and Kehr, H.M. (2007), “Prediction of attitude and behavioural intentions in retail banking”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 25 (2), 102-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320710728438

Baumann, C., Hamin, H. and Tung, R.L. (2012), “Share of wallet in retail banking”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30 (2), 88-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321211210868

Baumann, J., & Meunier-FitzHugh, K. Le. (2014). Trust as a facilitator of co-creation in customer- salesperson interaction – an imperative for the realization of episodic and relational value? AMS Review, 4(1), 5–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-013-0039-8

Balaji, M. (2015), “Investing in customer loyalty: the moderating role of relational characteristics”, Service Business, 9 (1), 17-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-013-0213-y

Balaji, M., Roy, S.K. and Wei, K.K. (2016), “Does relationship communication matter in B2C service relationships?”, Journal of Services Marketing, 30 (2), 186-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-08-2014-0290

Boateng, S.L. and Narteh, B. (2016), “Online relationship marketing and affective customer commitment–the mediating role of trust”, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 21 (2), 127-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2016.5

Brock, J. K. U., & Zhou, J. Y. (2012). Customer intimacy. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 27(5), 370–383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621211236043

Bügel, M., Verhoef, P., & P. Buunk, A. (2011). Customer intimacy and commitment to relationships with firms in five different sectors: Preliminary evidence. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18, 247–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.11.005

Cater, Barbara, & Zabkar, V. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of commitment in marketing research services: The client’s perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(7), 785– 797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2007.10.004

Čater, T., & Čater, B. (2010). Product and relationship quality influence on customer commitment and loyalty in B2B manufacturing relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 39, 1321–1333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.02.006

Chai, J.C.Y., Malhotra, N.K. and Dash, S. (2015), “The impact of relational bonding on intention and loyalty: the mediating role of the commitment foci in service relationships”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6 (3), 203-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2014-0035

Chenet, P., Dagger, T.S. and O’Sullivan, D. (2010), “Service quality, trust, commitment and service differentiation in business relationships”, Journal of Services Marketing, 24 (5), 336-346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041011060440

Cho, J.E. and Hu, H. (2009), “The effect of service quality on trust and commitment varying across generations”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33 (4), 468-476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00777.x

Cohen, J. (1969). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral Sciences. New York. Academic Press.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

De Ruyter, K., Moorman, L., & Lemmink, J. (2001). Antecedents of Commitment and Trust in Customer-Supplier Relationships in High Technology Markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 30(3), 271–286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00091-7

Falk R. F. & Miller, N. B. (1992) A Primer for Soft Modeling. Akron, Ohio: The University of Akron Press

Fornell, C., & Cha, J. (1993). Partial Least Squares (PLS), Unpublished working paper. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Business School.

Fullerton, G. (2003). When Does Commitment Lead to Loyalty? Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 5, 333–344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670503005004005

Furinto, A., Pawitra, T. and Balqiah, T.E. (2009), “Designing competitive loyalty programs: how types of program affect customer equity”, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 17 (4), 307-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jt.2009.20

Garbarino, E., & S. Johnson, M. (1999). The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63 (2), 70-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299906300205

Gounaris, S. (2005). Trust and Commitment Influences on Customer Retention: Insights From Business-to-Business Services. Journal of Business Research, 58, 126–140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00122-X

Hair, J., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2010), “Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective”, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. and Mena, J.A. (2012), “An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 414-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6

Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

Haron, S., Ahmad, N. and Planisek, S.L. (1994), “Bank patronage factors of Muslim and non-Muslim customers”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 12(1), 32-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652329410049599

Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K.P. and Gremler, D.D. (2002), “Understanding relationship marketing outcomes an integration of relational benefits and relationship quality”, Journal of Service Research, 4 (3), 230-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670502004003006

Hennig-Thurau, T., Langer, M.F. and Hansen, U. (2001), “Modeling and managing student loyalty an approach based on the concept of relationship quality”, Journal of Service Research, 3 (4) ,331-344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050134006

Henrique, J.L. and Matos, C.A.d. (2015), “The influence of personal values and demographic variables on customer loyalty in the banking industry”, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33 (4), 571-587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2014-0082

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Jacobs, R.S., Hyman, M.R. and McQuitty, S. (2001), “Exchange-specific self-disclosure, social self-disclosure, and personal selling”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9 (1), 48-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2001.11501885

Kabadayi, S. (2016). Customers’ disatisfaction with banking channels and their intention to leave banks: The moderating effect of trust and trusting beliefs. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 21(3), 194–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-016-0005-2

Kayed, R.N. and Hassan, M.K. (2011), “The global financial crisis and Islamic finance”, Thunderbird International Business Review, 53(5), 551-564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20434

Khan I, Fatma M. Connecting the dots between CSR and brand loyalty: the mediating role of brand experience and brand trust. International Journal of Business Excellence. 2019;17(4):439-455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2019.10020542

Kwan Soo Shin, S., Amenuvor, F. E., Basilisco, R., & Owusu-Antwi, K. (2019). Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty: A Moderation and Mediation Perspective. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i430376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i430376

Ladhari, R., Souiden, N., & Ladhari, I. (2011). Determinants of loyalty and recommendation: The role of perceived service quality, emotional satisfaction and image. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16(2), 111–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2011.10

Morgan, R., & Hunt, S. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 58, 20–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302

Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships Between Providers and Usersof Market Research: The Dynamics of Trust Within and Between Organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29, 314–328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900303

Mukherjee, A. and Nath, P. (2007), “Role of electronic trust in online retailing: a re-examination of the commitment-trust theory”, European Journal of Marketing, 41 (9/10), 1173-1202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710773390

Oliver, R.L. (1999), “Whence consumer loyalty?”, The Journal of Marketing, 63, 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1252099

Ponder, N., Betsy, B.H. and Hansen, J.D. (2016), “The mediating effects of customers’ intimacy perceptions on the trust-commitment relationship”, Journal of Services Marketing, 30 (1), 75-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2014-0117

Preacher, K.J. and Hayes, A.F. (2008), “Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models”, Behavior Research Methods, 40 (3), 879-891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J., & Sabol, B. (2002). Consumer Trust, Value, and Loyalty in Relational Exchanges. The Journal of Marketing, 66, 15–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.1.15.18449

Shukla, P., Banerjee, M. and Singh, J. (2016), “Customer commitment to luxury brands: antecedents and consequences”, Journal of Business Research, 69 (1), 323-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.08.004

Sumaedi, S., Juniarti, R.P. and Bakti, I.G.M.Y. (2015), “Understanding trust and commitment of individual saving customers in Islamic banking: the role of ego involvement”, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 6 (3), 406-428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2013-0045

Tameme, M., & Asutay, M. (2012). An empirical inquiry into marketing Islamic mortgages in the UK. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30, 150–167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321211222531

Thuy, P.N., Hau, L.N. and Evangelista, F. (2016), “Service value and switching barriers: a personal values perspective”, The Service Industries Journal, 36 (3/4), 142-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2016.1158252

Wong, A. and Zhou, L. (2006), “Determinants and outcomes of relationship quality: a conceptual model and empirical investigation”, Journal of Int. Consumer Marketing. 18 (3), 81-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J046v18n03_05

Yu, P.L., Balaji, M. and Khong, K.W. (2015), “Building trust in internet banking: a trustworthiness perspective”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115 (2), 235-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2014-0262

Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996), “The behavioral consequences of service quality”, The Journal of Marketing, 60 (2), 3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1251929

Published
2021-01-26
How to Cite
Muhammad Umer Quddoos, Muhammad Asif Shamim, Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, & Muhammad Tariq. (2021). What Drives Customer Loyalty in Islamic Banking? An Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 7(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1530