Abrogation of Article 370 and the Media Framing of Kashmir Conflict: A Pursuit for Re-conciliatory Approach

  • Ayesha Siddiqua Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad Pakistan
  • Khalid Sultan Professor, Department of Mass Communication, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad Pakistan
  • Atif Ashraf Assistant Professor, Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
  • Ghulam Shabir Professor, Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
Keywords: Abrogation of Article 370, Jammu and Kashmir Conflict, Peace Journalism, War Journalism

Abstract

Objective: The study at hand attempts to analyze the media framing of J&K conflict in the context of abrogation of Article 370 along with comprehending the extent to which ideals of peace journalism can be translated into journalistic practices.

Methodology: Quantitative analysis of the news items published in Dawn and The Nation (Pakistani media); Times of India and The Hindu (Indian media) indicated that the media framing of Kashmir conflict by the all four selected English dailies from India and Pakistan was heavily dominated by war framing.

Findings: Findings of the qualitative interviews conducted from the Indian and Pakistani journalists indicated that the ideals of peace journalism can be translated in to journalistic practices by not justifying human rights violations and by focusing on more in-depth coverage of less visible effects of conflict.  A search for common grounds among key stake holders and refraining from becoming part of propaganda were among other key factors which can play a vital role in practicing peace journalism.

Implications: Peace Journalism can be understood as a special form of responsible journalism as it has the potential to contribute in the peace process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Aslam R (2014). The role of media in conflict: Integrating peace journalism in the journalism curriculum. Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.

Ashiq P ( 2016) 14% of pellet gun victims in Kashmir are below 15. The Hindu, 22 August, 2016. Available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/14-of pellet gun victims-in-Kashmir-are-below-15/article14583549.ece

Ahmed M ,Philips R and Berlinger J (2016) Soldiers killed in army base attack in Indian administered Kashmir. CNN, 19 Sep 2016. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/18/asia/india kashmir-attack/index.html

Bar-Tal D (2000) From Intractable Conflict Through Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation: Psychological Analysis. Political Psychology 21 (2): 351-365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00192

Bell M (1998) The journalism of attachment . Media Ethics. London: Routedge, pp. 15-22.

Bose S (2019) Has India pushed Kashmir to a point of no return? BBC, 13 Aug 2019. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india 49316350

Bukhari SWH and Parveen MT (2014). China’s approach towards Kashmir conflict:A viable solution. Journal of Professional Research in Social Sciences 1: 14-30.

Bukhari S ( 2016) Why the death of militant Burhan Wani has Kashmiris up in arms. BBC News, 11 July 2016. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36762043

Bukhari S and Masroor R (2016) Mehbooba Mufti: Kashmir's first woman chief minister. BBC News, 4 April 2016. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india 30585105

Brosius HB and Weimann G (1996) Who sets the agenda: Agenda-setting as a two-step flow. Communication Research, 23(5): 561-580 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023005002

Carruthers S (2000) The Media at War: Communication and Conflict in the Twentieth Century. London: Macmillan

Cheema MJ (2015) Pakistan-India Conflict with Special Reference to Kashmir. South Asian Studies 30(1): 45-56

Dasgupta P (2016). Was Burhan Wani And Why Is Kashmir Mourning Him? The Huffington Post, 11 July 2016. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.in/burhan-wani/who was burhan wani and-why-is-kashmir-mourning-him

Entman RM (1993) Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x

Geelani G ( 2016) Living in the shadow of curfew in Kashmir. BBC News, 5 Sep 2016. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37211760

Gupta S (2019) To understand Modi’s new Kashmir reality, these 5 liberal myths need to be broken. The Print, 17 Aug 2019. Available at: https://theprint.in/national interest/to understand-modis-new-kashmir-reality-these-5-liberal-myths-need-to be broken/278220/

Chandrachud, A (2019) The Abrogation of Article 370. Festschrift in Honour of Nani Palkhivala

Jammu and Kashmir: India formally divides flashpoint. (2019). BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50233281)

Khurshid T (2016) Fifth Generation Intifada in Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK). Institute of Strategic Studies, Issue Brief. Available at : http://issi.org.pk/wp

Kaushal N (1997) Press and Democracy in India, in G H Peiris. Studies on the Press in Sri Lanka and South Asia. Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies: 53–79

Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) Peace Journalism. Gloucestershire: Hawthorn Press

Galtung J (1985) Twenty-five years of peace research: Ten challenges and some responses. Journal of Peace Research 22(2): 141-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338502200205

Galtung J (1986) On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace. Peace and communication. San Jose, Costa Rica: Universidad para La Paz, 12-34.

Galtung J (1998) Peace Journalism: What, Why, Who, How, When, Where, paper presented at the workshop , What are Journalists For? TRANSCEND Taplow Court, 3–6 September.

Geelani G ( 2016) Living in the shadow of curfew in Kashmir. BBC News, 5 Sep 2016. Available at http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37211760

Gupta S (2019). To understand Modi’s new Kashmir reality, these 5 liberal myths need to be broken. The Print, 17 Aug. Available at: https://theprint.in/national interest/to understand-modis-new-kashmir-reality-these-5-liberal-myths-need-to be broken/278220/

Hanitzsch T (2004) Journalists as peacekeeping force? Peace Journalism and Mass Communication Theory. Journalism Studies 5(4): 483-495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700412331296419

Lee T, Seow and Maslog C (2004) War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Paper presented at the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02674.x

Lecheler S and De Vreese CH (2011) Getting real: The duration of framing effects. Journal of Communication 61(5): 959-983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01580.x

Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) Peace Journalism. Gloucestershire: Hawthorn Press

Lynch J and Galtung J (2010) Reporting Conflict: new directions in peace journalism. Australia: University of Queensland Press

Manoff RK (1998) Telling the Truth to Peoples at Risk: Some Introductory Thoughts on Media and Conflict. The Legitimacy of Intervention for Peace by Foreign Media in a Country in Conflict , 2-4 July

Maslog CC, Lee ST and Kim SH (2006) Framing Analysis of a Conflict: How Newspapers in Five Asian Countries Covered the Iraq War. Asian Journal of Communication 16 (1): 19-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01292980500118516

Manoff RK (1998) Telling the Truth to Peoples at Risk: Some Introductory Thoughts on Media and Conflict. The Legitimacy of Intervention for Peace by Foreign Media in a Country in Conflict, 2-4 July. Available at http://www. nyu. edu/globalbeat/pubs/manoff0798. html.

McCombs M and Shaw DL (1972) The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly 36: 176-187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/267990

McGoldrick A and Lynch J (2000) Peace Journalism. Available at https://www.transcend.org/tri/downloads/McGoldrick_Lynch_Peace-Journalism.pdf

Moeller SD (2004) Media coverage of Weapons of Mass Destruction.

Nixon R (1992) Seize the Moment: America’s Challenge in a one-superpower World. New York: Simon and Schuster

Outrage over right-wing Euro-MPs’ Kashmir visit. (2019). BBC News. Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50231022

Press Reference (2009) Press Reference Pakistan. Available at http://www.pressreference.com/No-Sa/Pakistan.html

Rao P (2016) Online Radicalization: The Example of Burhan Wani. IDSA Issue brief. Available at: http://www.idsa.in/system/files/issuebrief/ib_online radicalisation.pdf

Schlesinger P (1987) Putting reality together. London: Methuen

Scheufele D A (1999) Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of communication 49(1): 103-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x

Shaw M, Weaver DH and Mc Combs M (1997) Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory. Psychology Press.

Sigal LV (1973) Reporters and Officials. Lexington, MA: DC Heath

Sonwalkar P (2005) Banal Journalism: The centrality of the ―us-them binary in news discourse‘ in Allan, S (ed). Journalism: Critical Issues. Berkshire: Open University Press, pp. 261 273

Sreedharan C (2009) Reporting Kashmir: an analysis of the conflict coverage in Indian and Pakistani newspapers. Doctoral dissertation: Bournemouth University.

Tehranian M (2002) Peace Journalism: negotiating global media ethics. Harvard International Journals of Press/Politics 7(2): 58-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X0200700205

The Indian Express (2016) BJP bats for establishment of Sainik Colony in Kashmir, May 28. Available at: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news india/mehbooba mufti-jammu kashmir-sainik-colony-bjp-national-secretary shrikant sharma-kashmiri pandits-2823664/

UN News (2019) UN Security Council discusses Kashmir, China urges India and Pakistan to ease tensions, Aug 16. Available at : https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/08/1044401

Viswanath K & Karan K (2000) India, in S A Gunaratne (ed). Handbook of the Media in Asia. London: Sage

Wolfe T and Johnson EW (1990) New Journalism. Basingstoke: Picador.

Wolfsfeld G (2004) The Media and Path to Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489105

Yasir S and Gettleman J (2019) Anxious and Cooped Up, 1.5 Million Kashmiri Children Are Still Out of School. New York Times,31 Oct .Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/world/asia/kashmir-school-children.html

Zaheer L (2017) Editorial Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Pakistani Media. Pakistan Vision, 18(1).

Published
2021-09-30
How to Cite
Siddiqua, A., Sultan, K., Ashraf, A., & Shabir, G. (2021). Abrogation of Article 370 and the Media Framing of Kashmir Conflict: A Pursuit for Re-conciliatory Approach. Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 3(3), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i3.1839