Abrogation of Article 370 and the Media Framing of Kashmir Conflict: A Pursuit for Re-conciliatory Approach
Abstract
Objective: The study at hand attempts to analyze the media framing of J&K conflict in the context of abrogation of Article 370 along with comprehending the extent to which ideals of peace journalism can be translated into journalistic practices.
Methodology: Quantitative analysis of the news items published in Dawn and The Nation (Pakistani media); Times of India and The Hindu (Indian media) indicated that the media framing of Kashmir conflict by the all four selected English dailies from India and Pakistan was heavily dominated by war framing.
Findings: Findings of the qualitative interviews conducted from the Indian and Pakistani journalists indicated that the ideals of peace journalism can be translated in to journalistic practices by not justifying human rights violations and by focusing on more in-depth coverage of less visible effects of conflict. A search for common grounds among key stake holders and refraining from becoming part of propaganda were among other key factors which can play a vital role in practicing peace journalism.
Implications: Peace Journalism can be understood as a special form of responsible journalism as it has the potential to contribute in the peace process.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Aslam R (2014). The role of media in conflict: Integrating peace journalism in the journalism curriculum. Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
Ashiq P ( 2016) 14% of pellet gun victims in Kashmir are below 15. The Hindu, 22 August, 2016. Available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/14-of pellet gun victims-in-Kashmir-are-below-15/article14583549.ece
Ahmed M ,Philips R and Berlinger J (2016) Soldiers killed in army base attack in Indian administered Kashmir. CNN, 19 Sep 2016. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/18/asia/india kashmir-attack/index.html
Bar-Tal D (2000) From Intractable Conflict Through Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation: Psychological Analysis. Political Psychology 21 (2): 351-365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00192
Bell M (1998) The journalism of attachment . Media Ethics. London: Routedge, pp. 15-22.
Bose S (2019) Has India pushed Kashmir to a point of no return? BBC, 13 Aug 2019. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india 49316350
Bukhari SWH and Parveen MT (2014). China’s approach towards Kashmir conflict:A viable solution. Journal of Professional Research in Social Sciences 1: 14-30.
Bukhari S ( 2016) Why the death of militant Burhan Wani has Kashmiris up in arms. BBC News, 11 July 2016. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36762043
Bukhari S and Masroor R (2016) Mehbooba Mufti: Kashmir's first woman chief minister. BBC News, 4 April 2016. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india 30585105
Brosius HB and Weimann G (1996) Who sets the agenda: Agenda-setting as a two-step flow. Communication Research, 23(5): 561-580 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023005002
Carruthers S (2000) The Media at War: Communication and Conflict in the Twentieth Century. London: Macmillan
Cheema MJ (2015) Pakistan-India Conflict with Special Reference to Kashmir. South Asian Studies 30(1): 45-56
Dasgupta P (2016). Was Burhan Wani And Why Is Kashmir Mourning Him? The Huffington Post, 11 July 2016. Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.in/burhan-wani/who was burhan wani and-why-is-kashmir-mourning-him
Entman RM (1993) Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Geelani G ( 2016) Living in the shadow of curfew in Kashmir. BBC News, 5 Sep 2016. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37211760
Gupta S (2019) To understand Modi’s new Kashmir reality, these 5 liberal myths need to be broken. The Print, 17 Aug 2019. Available at: https://theprint.in/national interest/to understand-modis-new-kashmir-reality-these-5-liberal-myths-need-to be broken/278220/
Chandrachud, A (2019) The Abrogation of Article 370. Festschrift in Honour of Nani Palkhivala
Jammu and Kashmir: India formally divides flashpoint. (2019). BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50233281)
Khurshid T (2016) Fifth Generation Intifada in Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK). Institute of Strategic Studies, Issue Brief. Available at : http://issi.org.pk/wp
Kaushal N (1997) Press and Democracy in India, in G H Peiris. Studies on the Press in Sri Lanka and South Asia. Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies: 53–79
Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) Peace Journalism. Gloucestershire: Hawthorn Press
Galtung J (1985) Twenty-five years of peace research: Ten challenges and some responses. Journal of Peace Research 22(2): 141-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338502200205
Galtung J (1986) On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace. Peace and communication. San Jose, Costa Rica: Universidad para La Paz, 12-34.
Galtung J (1998) Peace Journalism: What, Why, Who, How, When, Where, paper presented at the workshop , What are Journalists For? TRANSCEND Taplow Court, 3–6 September.
Geelani G ( 2016) Living in the shadow of curfew in Kashmir. BBC News, 5 Sep 2016. Available at http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37211760
Gupta S (2019). To understand Modi’s new Kashmir reality, these 5 liberal myths need to be broken. The Print, 17 Aug. Available at: https://theprint.in/national interest/to understand-modis-new-kashmir-reality-these-5-liberal-myths-need-to be broken/278220/
Hanitzsch T (2004) Journalists as peacekeeping force? Peace Journalism and Mass Communication Theory. Journalism Studies 5(4): 483-495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700412331296419
Lee T, Seow and Maslog C (2004) War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of conflicts. Paper presented at the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb02674.x
Lecheler S and De Vreese CH (2011) Getting real: The duration of framing effects. Journal of Communication 61(5): 959-983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01580.x
Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) Peace Journalism. Gloucestershire: Hawthorn Press
Lynch J and Galtung J (2010) Reporting Conflict: new directions in peace journalism. Australia: University of Queensland Press
Manoff RK (1998) Telling the Truth to Peoples at Risk: Some Introductory Thoughts on Media and Conflict. The Legitimacy of Intervention for Peace by Foreign Media in a Country in Conflict , 2-4 July
Maslog CC, Lee ST and Kim SH (2006) Framing Analysis of a Conflict: How Newspapers in Five Asian Countries Covered the Iraq War. Asian Journal of Communication 16 (1): 19-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01292980500118516
Manoff RK (1998) Telling the Truth to Peoples at Risk: Some Introductory Thoughts on Media and Conflict. The Legitimacy of Intervention for Peace by Foreign Media in a Country in Conflict, 2-4 July. Available at http://www. nyu. edu/globalbeat/pubs/manoff0798. html.
McCombs M and Shaw DL (1972) The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly 36: 176-187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
McGoldrick A and Lynch J (2000) Peace Journalism. Available at https://www.transcend.org/tri/downloads/McGoldrick_Lynch_Peace-Journalism.pdf
Moeller SD (2004) Media coverage of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Nixon R (1992) Seize the Moment: America’s Challenge in a one-superpower World. New York: Simon and Schuster
Outrage over right-wing Euro-MPs’ Kashmir visit. (2019). BBC News. Available at https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-50231022
Press Reference (2009) Press Reference Pakistan. Available at http://www.pressreference.com/No-Sa/Pakistan.html
Rao P (2016) Online Radicalization: The Example of Burhan Wani. IDSA Issue brief. Available at: http://www.idsa.in/system/files/issuebrief/ib_online radicalisation.pdf
Schlesinger P (1987) Putting reality together. London: Methuen
Scheufele D A (1999) Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of communication 49(1): 103-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x
Shaw M, Weaver DH and Mc Combs M (1997) Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory. Psychology Press.
Sigal LV (1973) Reporters and Officials. Lexington, MA: DC Heath
Sonwalkar P (2005) Banal Journalism: The centrality of the ―us-them binary in news discourse‘ in Allan, S (ed). Journalism: Critical Issues. Berkshire: Open University Press, pp. 261 273
Sreedharan C (2009) Reporting Kashmir: an analysis of the conflict coverage in Indian and Pakistani newspapers. Doctoral dissertation: Bournemouth University.
Tehranian M (2002) Peace Journalism: negotiating global media ethics. Harvard International Journals of Press/Politics 7(2): 58-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X0200700205
The Indian Express (2016) BJP bats for establishment of Sainik Colony in Kashmir, May 28. Available at: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news india/mehbooba mufti-jammu kashmir-sainik-colony-bjp-national-secretary shrikant sharma-kashmiri pandits-2823664/
UN News (2019) UN Security Council discusses Kashmir, China urges India and Pakistan to ease tensions, Aug 16. Available at : https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/08/1044401
Viswanath K & Karan K (2000) India, in S A Gunaratne (ed). Handbook of the Media in Asia. London: Sage
Wolfe T and Johnson EW (1990) New Journalism. Basingstoke: Picador.
Wolfsfeld G (2004) The Media and Path to Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489105
Yasir S and Gettleman J (2019) Anxious and Cooped Up, 1.5 Million Kashmiri Children Are Still Out of School. New York Times,31 Oct .Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/world/asia/kashmir-school-children.html
Zaheer L (2017) Editorial Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Pakistani Media. Pakistan Vision, 18(1).
Copyright (c) 2021 Ayesha Siddiqua, Khalid Sultan, Atif Ashraf, Ghulam Shabir

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
CSRC Publishing and SBSEE adhere to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The authors submitting and publishing in SBSEE agree to the copyright policy under creative common license 4.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International). Under this license, the authors published in SBSEE retain the copyright including publishing rights of their scholarly work and agree to let others remix, tweak, and build upon their work non-commercially. All other authors using the content of SBSEE are required to cite author(s) and publisher in their work. CSRC Publishing and JAFEE follow an Open Access Policy for copyright and licensing.